Solar power system
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| Fig:-Solar power system |
A solar power
system is more than solar panels
Inside the
components of a solar power system is also known as a solar module or solar
panel. Solar panels are the main component of all types of photovoltaic
systems. Also there are different parts that add to the system which vary
according to the application. In the following illustration you can see the
components more practically.
Solar module (solar
panel) photovoltaic
The component
responsible for converting solar radiation into electrical energy through
photoelectric effect. They are mainly made by semiconductor (silicon)
mono-crystalline or poly-crystalline. The ones with the best price and highest
availability in the international and Colombian market are Polycrystalline.
These are characterized by their nominal power or maximum power that this panel
can generate under ideal conditions (radiation of 1kW / m2 and temperature of
25 temperatureC).
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| Fig:- Solar module photovoltaic |
Charge regulator
This component of
the system efficiently provides energy to the battery, prolongs its useful
life, protects the system from overload and over-discor. This component is
commercialized based on the maximum current capacity of the controlled (amps).
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| Fig:-charge controller of solar panel |
Battery
(accumulator)
The electrical
energy of the panel, once regulated, goes into the battery. These stores
electricity to be able to use it at another time, its commercialization is
based on its ability to store energy and is measured in ampere hours (Ah).
Investor
This component uses
alternating current and low voltage (12 V or 24 V) alternately from the battery
or controller, in the case of Colombia 120 V, in a simplified way that it can
be said to direct current to a conventional outlet. Converts to . It is usually
marketed in Watts based on its power, which is calculated as current (P = VI)
per voltage. This corresponds to the maximum (power) demand of the connecting
devices. This component can be added when the connecting device can be operated
by direct current. As is the case with some types of lighting, motors and
devices designed to work with solar energy.
Brackets
It is a passive
component of solar power systems. The photovoltaic module is responsible for
holding and must be designed to withstand continuous weather, thermal expansion
for at least 25 years.
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| Fig:-Brackets |
Each of the
previous components of a solar power system uses different technologies. Which
make the system more or less robust and provide other types of properties. The
technology to use and use each of these components depends very much on the
requirement. Is there a demand for cover and technical limitations. In other
words, if you want a portable system, you should reduce the battery weight, the
most convenient thing is to use a lithium-ion battery. In cases of very high
humidity, encapsulated controllers with high protection water protection should
be used.
What is the difference between peak and nominal power in photovoltaics?
In photovoltaic
systems, the peak power refers to the amount of kW installed, while the nominal
power refers to the power of the inverter (the electrical equipment that
transforms the energy generated by the panels into fit for consumption).
In principle, the
nominal power is what sets the limit (no more can be produced than the inverter
can convert). However, photovoltaic systems always install a peak power higher
than the nominal - more panels - to try to cover 100% of the capacity of the
inverter.
A photovoltaic
plant will be well designed if the peak power - installed panels - is ideal to
ensure that the inverter is capable of operating at 100% capacity at all times
when it is required.
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